「模拟测试」小店购物-块状链表

有 $n$ 种物品,个数无限,价值为 $w$,价格为 $p$,要求支持单点修改,询问 $k$ 元能买的最大价值,要求优先购买能买的物品中价值最大的,相同价值选择价格小的。

题解

由题意,若我们选择的物品为 $(w, p)$,那么我们会购买 $\lfloor \frac k p \rfloor$ 个,依次进行下去,我们只会进行 $O(\log k)$ 次。

考虑如何维护,我们需要快速在价格 $\leq k$ 的物品中找到价值最大的,并且要支持单点修改,我们可以用平衡树/块状链表来维护。

先按照 $p$ 排序,然后建块状链表,每次修改时找到对应块,然后二分修改,再维护一个排序数组,按照 $w$ 排序,这样我们就可以快速得到每一块价值最大的物品,并且可以方便的二分修改,查询时,对于整块直接查询,对于剩余的元素暴力即可。

时间复杂度 $O(n \sqrt{n \log n} \log k)$,实际上速度和平衡树差不多。

代码

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/**
* Copyright (c) 2017, xehoth
* All rights reserved.
* 「SuperOJ 2046」小店购物 07-11-2017
* 块状链表
* @author xehoth
*/
#include <bits/stdc++.h>

namespace IO {

inline char read() {
static const int IN_LEN = 100000;
static char buf[IN_LEN], *s, *t;
s == t ? t = (s = buf) + fread(buf, 1, IN_LEN, stdin) : 0;
return s == t ? -1 : *s++;
}

template <typename T>
inline void read(T &x) {
static char c;
static bool iosig;
for (c = read(), iosig = false; !isdigit(c); c = read()) {
if (c == -1) return;
c == '-' ? iosig = true : 0;
}
for (x = 0; isdigit(c); c = read()) x = x * 10 + (c ^ '0');
iosig ? x = -x : 0;
}

const int OUT_LEN = 100000;

char obuf[OUT_LEN], *oh = obuf;

inline void print(char c) {
oh == obuf + OUT_LEN ? (fwrite(obuf, 1, OUT_LEN, stdout), oh = obuf) : 0;
*oh++ = c;
}

template <typename T>
inline void print(T x) {
static int buf[30], cnt;
if (x == 0) {
print('0');
} else {
x < 0 ? (print('-'), x = -x) : 0;
for (cnt = 0; x; x /= 10) buf[++cnt] = x % 10 | 48;
while (cnt) print((char)buf[cnt--]);
}
}

inline void flush() { fwrite(obuf, 1, oh - obuf, stdout); }

struct InputOutputStream {
~InputOutputStream() { flush(); }

template <typename T>
inline InputOutputStream &operator>>(T &x) {
read(x);
return *this;
}

template <typename T>
inline InputOutputStream &operator<<(const T &x) {
print(x);
return *this;
}
} io;
}

namespace {

using IO::io;

const int MAXN = 100010;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;

struct Node {
int p, w;

inline bool operator<(const Node &x) const {
return w < x.w || (w == x.w && p > x.p);
}

inline bool operator==(const Node &x) const { return p == x.p && w == x.w; }

} data[MAXN + 1], tmp[MAXN + 1];

typedef std::vector<Node> Vector;

struct Block {
Vector num;
Vector sorted;
};

typedef std::list<Block> BlockList;
typedef BlockList::iterator Iterator;

int blockSize, blockCount;

int n, m;

BlockList d;

inline bool cmp(const Node &a, const Node &b) {
return a.p < b.p || (a.p == b.p && a.w < b.w);
}

inline void build() {
blockSize = std::max((sqrt(n) + 1) * 2.5, 1.0);
blockCount = ceil((double)n / blockSize);
d.resize(blockCount);
register Iterator it = d.begin();
for (register int i = 0, j = 0; i < blockCount; i++, it++) {
j += blockSize;
it->num.assign(tmp + j - blockSize, tmp + std::min(j, n));
it->sorted.assign(tmp + j - blockSize, tmp + std::min(j, n));
std::sort(it->sorted.begin(), it->sorted.end());
}
}

inline void split(Iterator cur, int pos) {
if (pos == cur->num.size()) return;
Iterator it = cur;
it = d.insert(++it, Block());
it->num.assign(cur->num.begin() + pos, cur->num.end());
cur->num.erase(cur->num.begin() + pos, cur->num.end());
cur->sorted.erase(cur->sorted.begin() + pos, cur->sorted.end());
it->sorted.assign(it->num.begin(), it->num.end());
cur->sorted.assign(cur->num.begin(), cur->num.end());
std::sort(it->sorted.begin(), it->sorted.end());
std::sort(cur->sorted.begin(), cur->sorted.end());
}

inline void merge(Iterator cur, Iterator suc) {
cur->num.insert(cur->num.end(), suc->num.begin(), suc->num.end());
cur->sorted.insert(cur->sorted.end(), suc->sorted.begin(),
suc->sorted.end());
std::sort(cur->sorted.begin(), cur->sorted.end());
d.erase(suc);
}

inline void maintain(Iterator cur) {
for (register Iterator tmp; cur != d.end(); cur++) {
if (cur->num.size() > blockSize * 2) {
split(cur, cur->num.size() / 2);
} else if (cur->num.size() < blockSize / 2) {
tmp = cur, tmp++;
if (tmp == d.end())
break;
else if (tmp->num.size() + cur->num.size() <= blockSize * 2)
merge(cur, tmp);
}
}
}

inline void modify(int x, int w, int p) {
Node old = data[x];
data[x].w = w, data[x].p = p;
register Iterator it = d.begin(), next;
for (; it != d.end();) {
if (cmp(old, it->num.back()) || old == it->num.back()) {
break;
}
++it;
}
it->num.erase(std::lower_bound(it->num.begin(), it->num.end(), old, cmp));
it->sorted.erase(
std::lower_bound(it->sorted.begin(), it->sorted.end(), old));
maintain(it);
old = data[x];
it = d.begin();
for (; it != d.end();) {
if (cmp(old, it->num.back()) || old == it->num.back()) {
break;
}
++it;
}
if (it == d.end()) --it;
it->num.insert(std::lower_bound(it->num.begin(), it->num.end(), old, cmp),
old);
it->sorted.insert(
std::lower_bound(it->sorted.begin(), it->sorted.end(), old), old);
maintain(it);
}

inline void query(int k) {
register long long ans = 0;
register Iterator it;
register Node ret;
for (;;) {
ret.w = 0, ret.p = INF;
for (it = d.begin(); it != d.end(); ++it) {
if (k >= it->num.back().p) {
ret < it->sorted.back() ? (void)(ret = it->sorted.back())
: (void)0;
} else {
break;
}
}
if (it != d.end() && k < it->num.back().p) {
for (Vector::reverse_iterator v = it->sorted.rbegin();
v != it->sorted.rend(); v++) {
if (v->p <= k) {
ret < *v ? (void)(ret = *v) : (void)0;
break;
}
}
}
if (ret.p == INF) break;
ans += (long long)(k / ret.p) * ret.w, k %= ret.p;
}
io << ans << '\n';
}

inline void solve() {
io >> n >> m;
for (register int i = 1; i <= n; i++) io >> data[i].w >> data[i].p;
memcpy(tmp, data + 1, sizeof(Node) * n);
std::sort(tmp, tmp + n, cmp);
build();
for (register int cmd, x, w, p, k; m--;) {
io >> cmd;
switch (cmd) {
case 1: {
io >> x >> w >> p;
modify(x, w, p);
break;
}
case 2: {
io >> k;
query(k);
break;
}
}
}
}
}

int main() {
// freopen("sample/1.in", "r", stdin);
solve();
return 0;
}

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